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English & Korean

πŸ”Ή Introduction

Thank you, Larry. β†’ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, 래리.

It’s a pleasure – and a duty – to be with you tonight in this pivotal moment that Canada and the world are going through. β†’ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ™€ 세계가 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” 이 μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ— 였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜λŠ” 것은 기쁨이자 μ˜λ¬΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Tonight, I’ll talk about a rupture in the world order, the end of a pleasant fiction, and the beginning of a harsh reality where geopolitics – where the large, main power – is submitted to no limits, no constraints. β†’ 였늘 μ €λŠ” 세계 μ§ˆμ„œμ˜ κ· μ—΄, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ λ―Ώμ–΄μ™”λ˜ ν—ˆκ΅¬μ˜ 쒅말, 그리고 지정학—즉, μ£Όμš” κ°•λŒ€κ΅­μ΄ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ œν•œμ΄λ‚˜ μ œμ•½λ„ λ°›μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λƒ‰ν˜Ήν•œ ν˜„μ‹€μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

On the other hand, I would like to tell you that the other countries, particularly intermediate powers like Canada, are not powerless. β†’ ν•œνŽΈ, μ €λŠ” μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ™€ 같은 쀑견ꡭ듀을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가듀이 무λ ₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 점을 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

They have the capacity to build a new order that encompasses our values, like respect for human rights, sustainable development, solidarity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the various states. β†’ 그듀은 인ꢌ 쑴쀑, 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ λ°œμ „, μ—°λŒ€, 주ꢌ, 그리고 각 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ˜ν†  보전과 같은 우리의 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν¬κ΄„ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό ꡬ좕할 λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

The power of the less powerful starts with honesty. β†’ 덜 κ°•ν•œ μžλ“€μ˜ νž˜μ€ μ •μ§ν•¨μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.


πŸ”Ή κ°•λŒ€κ΅­ 경쟁의 μ‹œλŒ€

It seems that every day we are reminded that we live in an era of great power rivalry. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맀일 κ°•λŒ€κ΅­ 경쟁의 μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μƒκΈ°λ°›λŠ” λ“―ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

That the rules-based order is fading. β†’ κ·œμΉ™ 기반 ꡭ제 μ§ˆμ„œλŠ” μ•½ν™”λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

That the strong do what they can, and the weak must suffer what they must. β†’ κ°•μžλŠ” ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일을 ν•˜κ³ , μ•½μžλŠ” 감내해야 ν•  것을 감내해야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” ν˜„μ‹€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

This aphorism of Thucydides is presented as inevitable – the natural logic of international relations reasserting itself. β†’ νˆ¬ν‚€λ””λ°μŠ€μ˜ 이 격언은 λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œλ˜λ©°, ꡭ제 κ΄€κ³„μ˜ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 논리가 λ‹€μ‹œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ μ„€λͺ…λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

And faced with this logic, there is a strong tendency for countries to go along to get along. β†’ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 논리 μ•žμ—μ„œ ꡭ가듀은 κ°ˆλ“±μ„ ν”Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μˆœμ‘ν•˜λ €λŠ” κ°•ν•œ κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

To accommodate. β†’ νƒ€ν˜‘ν•˜λ € ν•˜κ³ ,

To avoid trouble. β†’ 문제λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜λ € ν•˜λ©°,

To hope that compliance will buy safety. β†’ 볡쒅이 μ•ˆμ „μ„ 보μž₯ν•΄ μ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.

Well, it won’t. β†’ κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έλ ‡μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

So, what are our options? β†’ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 우리의 μ„ νƒμ§€λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?


πŸ”Ή 바츨라프 ν•˜λ²¨κ³Ό β€œνž˜μ—†λŠ” μžλ“€μ˜ νž˜β€

In 1978, the Czech dissident VΓ‘clav Havel, later president, wrote an essay called The Power of the Powerless. β†’ 1978λ…„, μ²΄μ½”μ˜ 반체제 μΈμ‚¬μ˜€μœΌλ©° ν›—λ‚  λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ 된 바츨라프 ν•˜λ²¨μ€ γ€Žνž˜μ—†λŠ” μžλ“€μ˜ νž˜γ€μ΄λΌλŠ” 에세이λ₯Ό μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

In it, he asked a simple question: how did the communist system sustain itself? β†’ κ·Έ κΈ€μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜ μ²΄μ œλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μœ μ§€λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”κ°€?

His answer began with a greengrocer. β†’ 그의 닡은 ν•œ μ±„μ†Œ κ°€κ²Œ μ£ΌμΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Every morning, this shopkeeper places a sign in his window: β€œWorkers of the world, unite!” β†’ 맀일 μ•„μΉ¨, 이 상인은 κ°€κ²Œ 창문에 β€œμ „ 세계 λ…Έλ™μžμ—¬, λ‹¨κ²°ν•˜λΌ!β€λΌλŠ” ν‘œμ§€νŒμ„ κ±Έμ–΄ λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.

He does not believe it. β†’ κ·ΈλŠ” 그것을 λ―Ώμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

No one believes it. β†’ 아무도 그것을 λ―Ώμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

But he places the sign anyway – to avoid trouble, to signal compliance, to get along. β†’ κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·ΈλŠ” 문제λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜κ³ , μˆœμ‘μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄κ³ , λ¬΄λ‚œν•˜κ²Œ μ§€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ·Έ ν‘œμ§€νŒμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.

And because every shopkeeper on every street does the same, the system persists. β†’ 그리고 λͺ¨λ“  거리의 상인듀이 λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ ν–‰λ™ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μ²΄μ œλŠ” μ§€μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Not through violence alone, but through the participation of ordinary people in rituals they privately know to be false. β†’ 폭λ ₯ λ•Œλ¬Έλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ†μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ±°μ§“μž„μ„ μ•Œλ©΄μ„œλ„ κ·Έ μ˜μ‹μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Havel called this β€œliving within a lie.” β†’ ν•˜λ²¨μ€ 이λ₯Ό β€œκ±°μ§“ μ†μ—μ„œ 살아가기”라고 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

The system’s power comes not from its truth but from everyone’s willingness to perform as if it were true. β†’ 체제의 νž˜μ€ μ§„μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 그것이 진싀인 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ μ—°κΈ°ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ˜μ§€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

And its fragility comes from the same source: when even one person stops performing – when the greengrocer removes his sign – the illusion begins to crack. β†’ 그리고 κ·Έ μ·¨μ•½μ„± λ˜ν•œ 같은 μ§€μ μ—μ„œ λΉ„λ‘―λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 단 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ„ μ—°κΈ°λ₯Ό 멈좜 λ•Œβ€”μ±„μ†Œ κ°€κ²Œ 주인이 ν‘œμ§€νŒμ„ 내릴 λ•Œβ€”ν™˜μƒμ€ 금이 κ°€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Friends, it is time for companies and countries to take their signs down. β†’ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, 이제 κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό ꡭ가듀이 κ·Έ ν‘œμ§€νŒμ„ 내릴 λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.


πŸ”Ή κ·œμΉ™ 기반 μ§ˆμ„œμ˜ ν—ˆκ΅¬

For decades, countries like Canada prospered under what we called the rules-based international order. β†’ μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ, μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ™€ 같은 ꡭ가듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ β€˜κ·œμΉ™ 기반 ꡭ제 μ§ˆμ„œβ€™λΌκ³  λΆˆλ €λ˜ 체제 μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ λ²ˆμ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 체제 덕뢄에 μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ λˆ„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

We joined its institutions, we praised its principles, we benefited from its predictability. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ œλ„λ“€μ— κ°€μž…ν–ˆκ³ , κ·Έ 원칙듀을 μΉ­μ†‘ν–ˆμœΌλ©°, κ·Έ 예츑 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μ˜ ν˜œνƒμ„ λˆ„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (κ·Έ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ ν™œλ™ν•˜λ©° μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ 이읡을 μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

And because of that, we could pursue values-based foreign policies under its protection. β†’ 그리고 κ·Έ 덕뢄에, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 보호 μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ κ°€μΉ˜ 기반 외ꡐ 정책을 μΆ”μ§„ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ•ˆμ „λ§μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이상을 좔ꡬ할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

We knew the story of the international rules-based order was partially false. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ꡭ제 κ·œμΉ™ 기반 μ§ˆμ„œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기가 λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ±°μ§“μž„μ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (κ·Έ μ²΄μ œκ°€ μ™„μ „νžˆ κ³΅μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

That the strongest would exempt themselves when convenient. β†’ κ°€μž₯ κ°•ν•œ μžλ“€μ€ νŽΈλ¦¬ν•  λ•Œ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμ™Έλ‘œ λ‘μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을. (κ°•λŒ€κ΅­μ€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©΄ κ·œμΉ™μ„ ν”Όν•΄ κ°”λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

That trade rules were enforced asymmetrically. β†’ 무역 κ·œμΉ™μ΄ λΉ„λŒ€μΉ­μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§‘ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을. (λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

And we knew that international law applied with varying rigour depending on the identity of the accused or the victim. β†’ 그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄ ν”Όκ³ λ‚˜ ν”Όν•΄μžμ˜ 정체성에 따라 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—„κ²©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ μ μš©λœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λˆ„κ°€ κ΄€λ ¨λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 λ²•μ˜ 강도가 λ‹¬λΌμ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

This fiction was useful, and American hegemony, in particular, helped provide public goods: open sea lanes, a stable financial system, collective security, and support for frameworks for resolving disputes. β†’ 이 ν—ˆκ΅¬λŠ” μœ μš©ν–ˆκ³ , 특히 미ꡭ의 νŒ¨κΆŒμ€ 곡곡재λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 κΈ°μ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€: μ—΄λ¦° ν•΄μƒλ‘œ, μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ 금육 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ, 집단 μ•ˆλ³΄, 그리고 λΆ„μŸ 해결을 μœ„ν•œ 틀에 λŒ€ν•œ 지원이 κ·Έκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ™„λ²½ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ§ˆμ  이읡을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

So, we placed the sign in the window. β†’ κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 창문에 κ·Έ ν‘œμ§€νŒμ„ κ±Έμ–΄ λ‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (κ·Έ 체제λ₯Ό 곡개적으둜 μ§€μ§€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

We participated in the rituals, and we largely avoided calling out the gaps between rhetoric and reality. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ˜μ‹μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆκ³ , μˆ˜μ‚¬μ™€ ν˜„μ‹€ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 간극을 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ§€μ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (말과 ν–‰λ™μ˜ 뢈일치λ₯Ό 크게 문제 μ‚Όμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

This bargain no longer works. β†’ 이 κ±°λž˜λŠ” 더 이상 μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (이 암묡적 ν•©μ˜λŠ” κΉ¨μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

Let me be direct. β†’ μ†”μ§νžˆ λ§ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.


πŸ”Ή μ „ν™˜μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ β€œκ· μ—΄β€

We are in the midst of a rupture, not a transition. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „ν™˜μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ· μ—΄μ˜ ν•œκ°€μš΄λ°μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ꡬ쑰적 λΆ•κ΄΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

Over the past two decades, a series of crises in finance, health, energy, and geopolitics have laid bare the risks of extreme global integration. β†’ μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 금육, 보건, μ—λ„ˆμ§€, μ§€μ •ν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 일련의 μœ„κΈ°λ“€μ€ 극단적 μ„Έκ³„ν™”μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ§€λ‚˜μΉœ 톡합이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ·¨μ•½ν•œμ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

More recently, great powers have begun using economic integration as weapons, tariffs as leverage, financial infrastructure as coercion, and supply chains as vulnerabilities to be exploited. β†’ μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” κ°•λŒ€κ΅­λ“€μ΄ 경제 톡합을 무기둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ , κ΄€μ„Έλ₯Ό μ§€λ ›λŒ€λ‘œ, 금육 인프라λ₯Ό κ°•μ•• μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ, 곡급망을 μ•…μš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ·¨μ•½μ„±μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (경제 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μžμ²΄κ°€ μ••λ°• 도ꡬ가 되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

You cannot β€œlive within the lie” of mutual benefit through integration when integration becomes the source of your subordination. β†’ 톡합이 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ’…μ†μ˜ μ›μ²œμ΄ λ˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„, 톡합을 ν†΅ν•œ μƒν˜Έ μ΄μ΅μ΄λΌλŠ” β€˜κ±°μ§“ μ†μ—μ„œβ€™ μ‚΄μ•„κ°ˆ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (경제 ν˜‘λ ₯이 였히렀 μ˜ˆμ†μ΄ 되면 더 이상 κ·Έ λͺ…뢄을 μœ μ§€ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

The multilateral institutions on which the middle powers have relied – the WTO, the UN, the COP – the architecture, the very architecture of collective problem solving – are under threat. β†’ 쀑견ꡭ듀이 μ˜μ‘΄ν•΄ 온 λ‹€μžκΈ°κ΅¬λ“€β€”WTO, UN, COP—즉, 집단적 문제 ν•΄κ²°μ˜ ꡬ쑰, κ·Έ 핡심 ꡬ쑰 μžμ²΄κ°€ μœ„ν˜‘λ°›κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (곡동 λŒ€μ‘ 체계가 흔듀리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

As a result, many countries are drawing the same conclusions. β†’ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, λ§Žμ€ ꡭ가듀이 같은 결둠에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

They must develop greater strategic autonomy: in energy, food, critical minerals, in finance, and supply chains. β†’ 그듀은 μ—λ„ˆμ§€, μ‹λŸ‰, 핡심 κ΄‘λ¬Ό, 금육, 곡급망 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ 더 큰 μ „λž΅μ  μžμœ¨μ„±μ„ κ°œλ°œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μžκΈ‰ λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν‚€μ›Œμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

This impulse is understandable. β†’ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 좩동은 이해할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

A country that cannot feed itself, fuel itself, or defend itself has few options. β†’ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—¬ 살리고, μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜κ³ , λ°©μ–΄ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” κ΅­κ°€λŠ” 선택지가 거의 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μžλ¦½ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ©΄ ν˜‘μƒλ ₯도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

When the rules no longer protect you, you must protect yourself. β†’ κ·œμΉ™μ΄ 더 이상 당신을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ, 당신은 슀슀둜λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ œλ„κ°€ λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§€λ©΄ 자λ ₯ κ΅¬μ œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

But let us be clear-eyed about where this leads. β†’ κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것이 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€ λƒ‰μ •ν•˜κ²Œ 보아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

A world of fortresses will be poorer, more fragile, and less sustainable. β†’ μš”μƒˆν™”λœ μ„Έκ³„λŠ” 더 κ°€λ‚œν•˜κ³ , 더 μ·¨μ•½ν•˜λ©°, 덜 지속가λŠ₯ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (κ°μžλ„μƒμ˜ μ„Έκ³„λŠ” κ²°κ΅­ λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ†ν•΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)


πŸ”Ή μ „λž΅μ  μžμœ¨μ„±κ³Ό κ·Έ μœ„ν—˜

And there is another truth. β†’ 그리고 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 진싀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

If great powers abandon even the pretence of rules and values for the unhindered pursuit of their power and interests, the gains from transactionalism will become harder to replicate. β†’ λ§Œμ•½ κ°•λŒ€κ΅­λ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ ꢌλ ₯κ³Ό 이읡을 μ œν•œ 없이 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ·œμΉ™κ³Ό κ°€μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ κ²‰μΉ˜λ ˆμ‘°μ°¨ 버린닀면, 거래 쀑심 μ ‘κ·Όμ—μ„œ μ–»λŠ” 이읡은 μž¬ν˜„ν•˜κΈ° 더 μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (κ°•λŒ€κ΅­μ΄ λ…Έκ³¨μ μœΌλ‘œ 힘만 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄ 싀리 μ™Έκ΅μ˜ 이읡도 μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

Hegemons cannot continually monetise their relationships. β†’ νŒ¨κΆŒκ΅­μ€ 관계λ₯Ό μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μ΅ν™”ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (동맹과 관계λ₯Ό 계속 돈벌이 μˆ˜λ‹¨μ²˜λŸΌ ν™œμš©ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

Allies will diversify to hedge against uncertainty. β†’ 동맹ꡭ듀은 λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ— λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ³€ν™”ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μœ„ν—˜ 뢄산을 μ‹œλ„ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

They’ll buy insurance, increase options, in order to rebuild sovereignty – sovereignty that was once grounded in rules, but will increasingly be anchored in the ability to withstand pressure. β†’ 그듀은 λ³΄ν—˜μ„ λ“€κ³ , 선택지λ₯Ό 늘렀 μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ μž¬κ±΄ν•˜λ € ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€β€”ν•œλ•ŒλŠ” κ·œμΉ™μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν–ˆλ˜ 주ꢌ이 점점 압박을 κ²¬λ”œ 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ œλ„ λŒ€μ‹  β€˜λ²„ν‹Έ νž˜β€™μ΄ 주ꢌ의 기반이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

This room knows this is classic risk management. β†’ 이 μžλ¦¬μ— 계신 뢄듀은 이것이 μ „ν˜•μ μΈ 리슀크 κ΄€λ¦¬λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Risk management comes at a price, but that cost of strategic autonomy, of sovereignty, can also be shared. β†’ 리슀크 κ΄€λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ”°λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ, μ „λž΅μ  μžμœ¨μ„±κ³Ό 주ꢌ의 λΉ„μš©μ€ λ˜ν•œ 뢄담될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Collective investments in resilience are cheaper than everyone building their own fortresses. β†’ 회볡λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ 곡동 νˆ¬μžλŠ” κ°μžκ°€ μš”μƒˆλ₯Ό μ§“λŠ” 것보닀 더 μ €λ ΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (ν˜‘λ ₯이 κ°μžλ„μƒλ³΄λ‹€ νš¨μœ¨μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

Shared standards reduce fragmentation. β†’ 곡톡 기쀀은 뢄열을 μ€„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Complementarities are positive sum. β†’ μƒν˜Έλ³΄μ™„μ„±μ€ μ œλ‘œμ„¬μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ ν”ŒλŸ¬μŠ€μ„¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜λ©΄ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이읡을 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

The question for middle powers, like Canada, is not whether to adapt to this new reality. β†’ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ™€ 같은 μ€‘κ²¬κ΅­μ—κ²Œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜„μ‹€μ— 적응할 것인가가 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.

We must. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 적응해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

The question is whether we adapt by simply building higher walls – or whether we can do something more ambitious. β†’ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 단지 더 높은 μž₯벽을 μŒ“μœΌλ©° 적응할 것인가, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 더 야심찬 무언가λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ†Œκ·Ήμ  방어인가, 적극적 μ„€κ³„μΈκ°€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)


πŸ”Ή μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ˜ μ ‘κ·Ό: β€œκ°€μΉ˜ 기반 ν˜„μ‹€μ£Όμ˜β€

Now, Canada was amongst the first to hear the wake-up call, leading us to fundamentally shift our strategic posture. β†’ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²½κ³ μŒμ„ κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € 듀은 λ‚˜λΌ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ΄λŠ” 우리의 μ „λž΅μ  μžμ„Έλ₯Ό 근본적으둜 μ „ν™˜ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Canadians know that our old, comfortable assumptions that our geography and alliance memberships automatically conferred prosperity and security – that assumption is no longer valid. β†’ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μΈλ“€μ€ 우리의 지리적 μœ„μΉ˜μ™€ 동맹 κ°€μž…μ΄ μžλ™μ μœΌλ‘œ 번영과 μ•ˆλ³΄λ₯Ό 보μž₯ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 였래된 μ•ˆμΌν•œ 가정이 더 이상 μœ νš¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Our new approach rests on what Alexander Stubb, the President of Finland, has termed β€œvalue-based realism” – or, to put it another way, we aim to be both principled and pragmatic. β†’ 우리의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 접근은 ν•€λž€λ“œ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ•Œλ ‰μ‚°λ” μŠ€ν…μ΄ β€œκ°€μΉ˜ 기반 ν˜„μ‹€μ£Όμ˜β€λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯Έ κ°œλ…μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€β€”λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ›μΉ™μ μ΄λ©΄μ„œλ„ μ‹€μš©μ μ΄ 되렀 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Principled in our commitment to fundamental values: sovereignty and territorial integrity, the prohibition of the use of force except when consistent with the UN Charter, and respect for human rights. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 주ꢌ과 μ˜ν†  보전, UN ν—Œμž₯에 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 무λ ₯ μ‚¬μš© κΈˆμ§€, 그리고 인ꢌ μ‘΄μ€‘μ΄λΌλŠ” κ·Όλ³Έ κ°€μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν—Œμ‹ μ— μžˆμ–΄ μ›μΉ™μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Pragmatic in recognising that progress is often incremental, that interests diverge, that not every partner will share all of our values. β†’ λ™μ‹œμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 진전이 μ’…μ’… μ μ§„μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것, 이해관계가 λ‹€λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것, λͺ¨λ“  νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆκ°€ 우리의 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ „λΆ€ κ³΅μœ ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄ μ‹€μš©μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

We are engaging broadly, strategically, with open eyes. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λˆˆμ„ 뜬 μ±„λ‘œ 폭넓고 μ „λž΅μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (ν˜„μ‹€μ„ μ§μ‹œν•˜λ©° μ™Έκ΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

We actively take on the world as it is, not wait for a world we wish to be. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°”λΌλŠ” 세계λ₯Ό 기닀리지 μ•Šκ³ , μžˆλŠ” κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œμ˜ 세계에 적극적으둜 λŒ€μ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

We are calibrating our relationships so their depth reflects our values. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ΄€κ³„μ˜ κΉŠμ΄κ°€ 우리의 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ‘°μ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

We are prioritising broad engagement to maximise our influence, given the fluidity of the world order, the risks that this poses, and the stakes for what comes next. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세계 μ§ˆμ„œμ˜ μœ λ™μ„±, 그둜 μΈν•œ μœ„ν—˜, 그리고 μ•žμœΌλ‘œμ˜ μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 우리의 영ν–₯λ ₯을 κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 폭넓은 κ΄€μ—¬λ₯Ό μš°μ„ μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

We are no longer just relying on the strength of our values, but also the value of our strength. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 이상 우리의 κ°€μΉ˜μ˜ νž˜μ—λ§Œ μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , 우리의 힘의 κ°€μΉ˜μ—λ„ μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (이상뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ—­λŸ‰λ„ μ€‘μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.)


πŸ”Ή μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ κ΅­λ‚΄ μ—­λŸ‰ κ°•ν™”

We are building that strength at home. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ νž˜μ„ κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Since my government took office, we have cut taxes on incomes, capital gains and business investment, β†’ 우리 μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ§‘κΆŒν•œ 이후 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œλ“μ„Έ, μžλ³Έμ΄λ“μ„Έ, κΈ°μ—… νˆ¬μžμ„Έλ₯Ό μΈν•˜ν–ˆκ³ ,

we have removed all federal barriers to interprovincial trade, β†’ μ£Ό κ°„ 무역에 λŒ€ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ—°λ°© μž₯벽을 μ œκ±°ν–ˆμœΌλ©°,

and we are fast-tracking a trillion dollars of investment in energy, AI, critical minerals, new trade corridors, and beyond. β†’ μ—λ„ˆμ§€, AI, 핡심 κ΄‘λ¬Ό, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 무역 ν†΅λ‘œ 등에 1μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬ 규λͺ¨μ˜ 투자λ₯Ό μ‹ μ†νžˆ μΆ”μ§„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

We are doubling our defence spending by the end of this decade, and we are doing so in ways that build our domestic industries. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이번 10λ…„ λ§κΉŒμ§€ κ΅­λ°©λΉ„λ₯Ό 두 배둜 늘릴 것이며, κ΅­λ‚΄ 산업을 κ°•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.


We are rapidly diversifying abroad. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‹€λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μΆ”μ§„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (νŠΉμ • κ΅­κ°€ μ˜μ‘΄λ„λ₯Ό 쀄이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

We have agreed a comprehensive strategic partnership with the European Union, including joining SAFE, Europe’s defence procurement arrangements. β†’ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©κ³Ό 포괄적 μ „λž΅μ  νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμ‹­μ— ν•©μ˜ν–ˆμœΌλ©°, 유럽의 λ°©μœ„ 쑰달 체계인 SAFE에도 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

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